Kusukela ekufikeni kwamaloli omlilo ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngemva kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa, ngokushesha abe amandla amakhulu omsebenzi wokuvikela umlilo, futhi ashintshe ngokuphelele ubuso babantu abalwa nomlilo.
Kwakukhona amaloli ezicishamlilo adonswa amahhashi eminyakeni engu-500 edlule
Ngo-1666, kwaqubuka umlilo eLondon, eNgilandi.Umlilo ushise izinsuku ezingu-4 wacekela phansi izindlu ezingu-1 300 okuhlanganisa nesonto lodumo iSt.Abantu baqala ukunaka umsebenzi wokuvikela umlilo wedolobha.Ngokushesha, abaseBrithani basungula iloli lokuqala emhlabeni elisebenza ngesandla lephampu yamanzi, futhi basebenzisa ipayipi ukuze bacime umlilo.
Enguqukweni yezimboni, amaphampu omusi asetshenziselwa ukuvikela umlilo
Phakathi neBritish Industrial Revolution, i-Watt yathuthukisa injini yesitimu.Ngokushesha, kwasetshenziswa nezinjini zesitimu ekucimeni umlilo.Injini yomlilo enenjini yesitimu yavela eLondon ngo-1829. Lolu hlobo lwemoto lusadonswa amahhashi.Ngemuva kunomshini wokucisha umlilo ophehlwa ngamalahle osebenza ngenjini engu-10-horsepower twin-cylinder steam enepayipi elithambile.iphampu yamanzi.
Ngo-1835, iNew York yasungula ibutho lokuqala labacishamlilo emhlabeni, kamuva elabizwa ngokuthi “Amaphoyisa Omlilo” futhi lafakwa ohlwini lwamaphoyisa edolobha.Iloli lokuqala lomlilo elihamba ngesitimu e-United States lakhiwa ngo-1841 yiNgisi uPol R. Hogu, owayehlala eNew York.Ingafutha amanzi ophahleni lweNew York City Hall.Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, izinjini zokucima umlilo zase zidumile eNtshonalanga.
Izicishamlilo zakuqala zazingezinhle njengezinqola ezidonswa amahhashi
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngokufika kwezimoto zesimanje, izinjini zomlilo zasheshe zamukela izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi njengamandla okudonsa, kodwa zisasebenzisa amaphampu amanzi asebenza ngesitimu njengamaphampu amanzi omlilo.
Embukisweni oyisibonelo eVersailles, eFrance, ngo-1898, inkampani yakwaGambier eLille, eFrance, yabonisa imoto yokuqala emhlabeni yokucisha umlilo, nakuba ingeyakudala futhi ingaphelele.
Ngo-1901, iloli lomlilo elakhiqizwa yiRoyal Caledi Company eLiverpool, eNgilandi, lamukelwa yi-Liverpool City Fire Brigade.Ngo-August wawo lowo nyaka, iloli lezicishamlilo lathunyelwa okokuqala ngqa emsebenzini.
Ngo-1930, abantu babiza amaloli omlilo "amaloli amakhandlela".Ngaleso sikhathi, "imoto yamakhandlela omlilo" yayingenalo ithangi lamanzi, amapayipi amanzi ambalwa kuphela anobude obuhlukene kanye nesitebhisi.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izicishamlilo ngaleso sikhathi zazimi zilandelana emotweni zibambe insimbi.
Ngawo-1920, amaloli omlilo ayesebenza ngokuphelele ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi aqala ukuvela.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka kwamaloli ezicishamlilo kwakulula, futhi iningi lawo lafakwa kabusha ku-chassis yamaloli ekhona.Iphampu yamanzi kanye nethangi lamanzi elengeziwe kwafakwa elolini.Ingaphandle lemoto belilenga izitebhisi zomlilo, izimbazo zomlilo, amalambu angaqhumi namapayipi omlilo.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100 yentuthuko, amaloli ezicishamlilo anamuhla asephenduke “umndeni omkhulu” ohlanganisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene nezinga lobuchwepheshe elimangalisayo.
Iloli lezicishamlilo ethangini lamanzi kuseyiyona moto esetshenziswa kakhulu izicishamlilo.Ngaphandle kokuba ifakwe amaphampu omlilo kanye nemishini, imoto iphinde ifakwe amathangi amakhulu okugcina amanzi, izibhamu zamanzi, iziqhumane zamanzi, njll, ezingathutha amanzi kanye nabacimi bomlilo endaweni yomlilo ukuze bacime umlilo ngokuzimela.Ifanele ukulwa nemililo evamile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezicishamlilo ngamakhemikhali ukuze kucishwe imililo ekhethekile esikhundleni samanzi kuwushintsho ezindleleni zokucisha umlilo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka.Ngo-1915, i-National Foam Company yase-United States yasungula impushana yokucisha umlilo eyi-foam ephindwe kabili eyenziwe nge-aluminium sulfate ne-sodium bicarbonate.Ngokushesha, le nto entsha yokucisha umlilo nayo yasetshenziswa emalolini omlilo.
Ingakwazi ukufafaza ngokushesha inani elikhulu le-foam yomoya ephezulu yokwandisa izikhathi ezingu-400-1000 zegwebu ukuze ihlukanise ubuso bento evuthayo emoyeni, ikakhulukazi efanelekile ukulwa nemililo yamafutha njengamafutha kanye nemikhiqizo yayo.
Ingacisha uketshezi oluvuthayo noluvutha kalula, imililo yegesi evuthayo, imililo yemishini ephilayo, nemililo yezinto ezivamile.Emililo emikhulu yamapayipi wamakhemikhali, umphumela wokucisha umlilo ubaluleke kakhulu, futhi iloli lomlilo elimile lamabhizinisi e-petrochemical.
Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga lezakhiwo zesimanje, kunezakhiwo eziningi eziphakeme kakhulu neziphakeme kakhulu, kanye neloli lezicishamlilo nalo selishintshile, kwavela iloli lezicishamlilo.Isitebhisi esinamazinga amaningi esitebhisini somlilo sesitebhisi singathumela ngokuqondile izicishamlilo endaweni yomlilo esakhiweni esiphakeme ukuze kusizwe inhlekelele ngesikhathi, futhi singahlenga abantu abacindezelekile abavaleleke endaweni yesigameko ngesikhathi somlilo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhono ukulwa nomlilo kanye nokusiza ezinhlekeleleni.
Namuhla, amaloli ezicishamlilo ayanda kakhulu.Isibonelo, amaloli omlilo we-carbon dioxide asetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukulwa nemililo efana nempahla ebalulekile, amathuluzi anembayo, izinsalela ezibalulekile zamasiko nezincwadi nezinqolobane;amaloli omlilo wokuhlenga esikhumulweni sezindiza anikezelwe ukutakula nokuhlenga imililo yokuphahlazeka kwendiza.Abasebenzi abangaphakathi;amaloli omlilo okukhanyisa ahlinzeka ngokukhanyisa kokucisha umlilo ebusuku nomsebenzi wokuhlenga;amaloli omlilo okukhipha intuthu afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ekulweni nomlilo ezakhiweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nasezindaweni zokugcina impahla, njll.
Amaloli omlilo angamandla amakhulu emishini yezobuchwepheshe yokucisha umlilo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuhlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa komnotho kazwelonke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-24-2022